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Kukayikitsa kwa matenda kwa odwala a COVID-19 m'zipatala zogona m'manja-Dong-Nursing Open

Gwiritsani ntchito ulalo womwe uli pansipa kuti mugawane zolemba zonse za nkhaniyi ndi anzanu komanso anzanu.Dziwani zambiri.
Fufuzani momwe kusatsimikizika ndi momwe akukhudzira odwala a COVID-19 m'zipatala zogona.
Mu February 2020, odwala 114 a COVID-19 adagonekedwa m'chipatala cha Wuhan City, m'chigawo cha Hubei adalembetsa mgululi pogwiritsa ntchito zitsanzo zosavuta.Mtundu waku China wa Mishel Disease Uncertainty Scale (MUIS) idagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa kusatsimikizika kwa matenda a wodwalayo, ndipo kuwunika kobwerezabwereza kangapo kudagwiritsidwa ntchito pofufuza zomwe zidayambitsa.
Chiwerengero chonse cha MUIS (chi China) ndi 52.22±12.51, kusonyeza kuti kusatsimikizika kwa matendawa kuli pamlingo wocheperako.Zotsatira zimatsimikizira kuti kuchuluka kwa kusadziwikiratu ndikokwera kwambiri: 2.88 ± 0.90.Kusanthula kangapo pamayendedwe akuwonetsa kuti akazi (t = 2.462, p = .015) amakhala ndi ndalama zapamwezi za banja zosachepera RMB 10,000 (t = -2.095, p = .039), ndipo nthawi ya matenda ndi ≥ masiku 28 ( t = 2.249, p = 027) ndizodziyimira pawokha zomwe zimakhudza kusatsimikizika kwa matenda.
Odwala omwe ali ndi COVID-19 ali pachiwopsezo cha matenda osatsimikizika.Ogwira ntchito zachipatala ayenera kusamala kwambiri odwala achikazi, odwala omwe amapeza ndalama zochepa zapabanja pamwezi, komanso odwala omwe ali ndi matenda aatali, ndikuchitapo kanthu kuti awathandize kuchepetsa kusatsimikizika kwa matenda awo.
Poyang'anizana ndi matenda opatsirana atsopano komanso osadziwika, odwala omwe adapezeka ndi COVID-19 ali ndi kupsinjika kwakuthupi komanso m'maganizo, ndipo kusatsimikizika kwa matendawa ndiye gwero lalikulu la kupsinjika komwe kumavutitsa odwala.Kafukufukuyu adafufuza za kusatsimikizika kwa matendawa kwa odwala a COVID-19 mzipatala zogona, ndipo zotsatira zake zidawonetsa kuchuluka kwapakatikati.Zotsatira za kafukufukuyu zithandiza anamwino, opanga mfundo zaboma komanso ofufuza amtsogolo m'malo aliwonse omwe amapereka chisamaliro kwa odwala a COVID-19.
Kumapeto kwa chaka cha 2019, matenda a Coronavirus a 2019 (COVID-19) adayamba ku Wuhan, Chigawo cha Hubei, China, kukhala vuto lalikulu laumoyo ku China ndi padziko lonse lapansi (Huang et al., 2020).Bungwe la World Health Organisation (WHO) likulemba kuti ndi vuto lazaumoyo wapadziko lonse lapansi (PHEIC).Pofuna kuchepetsa kufala kwa kachiromboka, bungwe la Wuhan COVID-19 Prevention and Control Command Center lidaganiza zomanga zipatala zingapo zogona kuti zithandizire odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ochepa.Poyang'anizana ndi matenda opatsirana atsopano komanso osadziwika, odwala omwe adapezeka ndi COVID-19 amavutika kwambiri m'thupi komanso m'maganizo (Wang, Chudzicka-Czupała et al., 2020; Wang et al., 2020c; Xiong et al., 2020).Kusatsimikizika kwa matendawa ndiko gwero lalikulu la kupsinjika komwe kumavutitsa odwala.Monga tafotokozera, izi zimachitika pamene wodwala walephera kulamulira zochitika zokhudzana ndi matenda ndi tsogolo lawo, ndipo zikhoza kuchitika pazigawo zonse za matendawa (mwachitsanzo, pamene akuzindikiridwa, ... panthawi ya chithandizo, kapena popanda matenda kupulumuka) (Mishel et al., 2018).Kusatsimikizika kwa matenda kumakhudzana ndi zotsatira zoyipa za chikhalidwe cha anthu, komanso kuchepa kwaumoyo waumoyo komanso zizindikiro zowopsa zathupi (Kim et al., 2020; Parker et al., 2016; Szulczewski et al., 2017; Yang et al., 2015).Kafukufukuyu akufuna kufufuza momwe alili pano komanso zomwe zimayambitsa kusatsimikizika kwa matenda mwa odwala omwe ali ndi COVID-19, ndikupereka maziko a maphunziro okhudzana ndi mtsogolo.
COVID-19 ndi mtundu watsopano wa matenda opatsirana omwe amafalikira makamaka kudzera m'malovu opumira komanso kukhudzana kwambiri.Ndi mliri wowopsa wa ma virus m'zaka za zana la 21 ndipo wakhudza kwambiri thanzi la anthu padziko lonse lapansi.Chiyambire kufalikira kwa COVID-19 ku Wuhan City, m'chigawo cha Hubei kumapeto kwa 2019, milandu yapezeka m'maiko ndi zigawo 213.Pa Marichi 11, 2020, WHO idalengeza kuti mliriwu ndi mliri wapadziko lonse lapansi (Xiong et al., 2020).Pamene mliri wa COVIC-19 ukufalikira ndikupitilira, zovuta zamaganizidwe zomwe zimatsatira zakhala zofunikira kwambiri.Kafukufuku wambiri wawonetsa kuti mliri wa COVID-19 umagwirizana ndi kupsinjika kwakukulu kwamaganizidwe.Poyang'anizana ndi mliri, anthu ambiri, makamaka odwala a COVID-19, amakhala ndi zovuta zingapo monga nkhawa komanso mantha (Le, Dang, et al., 2020; Tee ML et al., 2020; Wang, Chudzicka -Czupała Et al., 2020; Wang et al., 2020c; Xiong et al., 2020).The pathogenesis, incubation nthawi, ndi chithandizo cha COVID-19 akadali mu gawo lowunikira, ndipo pali zinthu zambiri zoti zimveke bwino pankhani ya matenda, chithandizo komanso kuzindikira kwasayansi.Kuphulika ndi kupitiliza kwa mliriwu kwapangitsa anthu kukhala osatsimikizika komanso osalamulirika za matendawa.Munthu akapezeka ndi matendawa, samadziwa ngati pali mankhwala othandiza, ngati angachiritsidwe, angachite bwanji nthawi yodzipatula, ndiponso kuti zimenezi zingawakhudze bwanji iyeyo ndi achibale awo.Kusatsimikizika kwa matenda kumapangitsa munthu kukhala wopsinjika nthawi zonse ndipo kumabweretsa nkhawa, kukhumudwa komanso mantha (Hao F et al., 2020).
Mu 1981, Mishel adalongosola kusatsimikizika kwa matenda ndikuyambitsa nawo unamwino.Pamene munthuyo alibe mphamvu yoweruza zochitika zokhudzana ndi matenda ndipo matendawa amayambitsa zochitika zokhudzana ndi zolimbikitsana, munthuyo sangathe kupanga ziganizo zogwirizana ndi zomwe zikuchitika komanso tanthauzo la zochitika zolimbikitsa, ndipo chidziwitso cha matenda chidzachitika.Pamene wodwala sangathe kugwiritsa ntchito maphunziro ake, chithandizo cha anthu, kapena ubale ndi wothandizira zaumoyo kuti apeze chidziwitso ndi chidziwitso chomwe akufunikira, kusatsimikizika kwa matendawa kumawonjezeka.Pamene ululu, kutopa, kapena zochitika zokhudzana ndi mankhwala, kusowa kwa chidziwitso kudzawonjezeka, ndipo kusatsimikizika kwa matendawa kudzawonjezeka.Panthawi imodzimodziyo, kusatsimikizika kwa matenda aakulu kumagwirizanitsidwa ndi kuchepa kwa luso lokonzekera zidziwitso zatsopano, kulosera zotsatira, ndi kusinthana ndi matenda (Mishel et al., 2018; Moreland & Santacroce, 2018).
Kusatsimikizika kwa matenda kwagwiritsidwa ntchito m'maphunziro a odwala omwe ali ndi matenda osiyanasiyana oopsa komanso osatha, ndipo zotsatira zambiri zikuwonetsa kuti kuwunika kwachidziwitso kwa matendawa kumakhudzana ndi zotsatira zoyipa zosiyanasiyana za odwala.Mwachindunji, kusokonezeka kwamalingaliro kumalumikizidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa matenda osatsimikizika (Mullins et al., 2017);kusatsimikizika kwa matenda ndikulosera kwa kukhumudwa (Zhang et al., 2018);Kuphatikiza apo, kusatsimikizika kwa matenda kumaganiziridwa mogwirizana Ndi chochitika choyipa (Hoth et al., 2015; Parker et al., 2016; Sharkey et al., 2018) ndipo akukhulupirira kuti akugwirizana ndi zotsatira zoyipa zamaganizidwe monga kupsinjika maganizo, nkhawa, kapena kusokonezeka kwamalingaliro (Kim et al. People, 2020; Szulczewski et al., 2017).Sizimangosokoneza kuthekera kwa odwala kufunafuna zambiri zamatenda, motero zimalepheretsa kusankha kwawo chithandizo ndi chithandizo chamankhwala (Moreland & Santacroce, 2018), komanso kumachepetsa moyo wokhudzana ndi thanzi la wodwalayo, komanso zizindikiro zowopsa kwambiri zakuthupi (Guan et al. People, 2020; Varner et al., 2019).
Poona zotsatira zoipa zimenezi za kusatsimikizika kwa matenda, ofufuza ochulukirapo ayamba kumvetsera kusatsimikizika kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda osiyanasiyana ndikuyesera kupeza njira zochepetsera kwambiri kusatsimikizika kwa matenda.Lingaliro la Mishel likufotokoza kuti kusatsimikizika kwa matendawa kumayambitsidwa ndi zizindikiro za matenda osadziwika bwino, chithandizo chovuta ndi chisamaliro, kusowa kwa chidziwitso chokhudzana ndi matenda ndi kuopsa kwa matendawa, komanso njira zosadziwika bwino za matenda ndi matenda.Zimakhudzidwanso ndi chidziwitso cha odwala komanso chithandizo chamagulu.Kafukufuku wapeza kuti lingaliro la kusatsimikizika kwa matenda limakhudzidwa ndi zinthu zambiri.M'badwo, mtundu, lingaliro la chikhalidwe, maziko a maphunziro, chikhalidwe chachuma, njira ya matendawa, komanso ngati matendawa ndi ovuta ndi matenda ena kapena zizindikiro mu chiwerengero cha anthu ndi deta yachipatala ya odwala amawunikidwa ngati zinthu zomwe zimakhudza maganizo a kusatsimikizika kwa matenda. .Maphunziro ambiri (Parker et al., 2016).
Fufuzani momwe kusatsimikizika ndi momwe akukhudzira odwala a COVID-19 m'zipatala zogona.
Kafukufuku wamagulu osiyanasiyana adachitika m'chipatala cha mobile shelter, chomwe chili ndi malo a 1385 square metres, ogawidwa m'mawodi atatu, okhala ndi mabedi 678.
Pogwiritsa ntchito njira yosavuta yowonera, odwala 114 a COVID-19 adagonekedwa m'chipatala cha Wuhan, m'chigawo cha Hubei mu February 2020 adagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zinthu zofufuzira.Njira zophatikizira: zaka 18-65;adatsimikizira kuti ali ndi kachilombo ka COVID-19 ndipo amadziwika kuti ndi ocheperako kapena ochepa malinga ndi momwe dziko likuyendera komanso malangizo amankhwala;anavomera kuchita nawo phunzirolo.Zosankha zochotsera: kuwonongeka kwa chidziwitso kapena matenda a maganizo kapena maganizo;kusawona bwino, kumva kapena chilankhulo.
Poganizira malamulo odzipatula a COVID-19, kafukufukuyu adachitika ngati mafunso apakompyuta, ndipo kutsimikizira koyenera kudakhazikitsidwa kuti mafunsowo akhale olondola.Mu kafukufukuyu, kafukufuku wapatsamba wa odwala a COVID-19 omwe adagonekedwa m'chipatala chobisalira mafoni adachitika, ndipo ofufuzawo adawunikira odwalawo mosamalitsa malinga ndi momwe amaphatikizidwira ndikupatula.Ochita kafukufuku amalangiza odwala kuti amalize mafunsowo m'chinenero chogwirizana.Odwala amalemba mafunso mosadziwikiratu posanthula nambala ya QR.
Mafunso odzipangira okha amaphatikiza jenda, zaka, banja, kuchuluka kwa ana, malo okhala, maphunziro, ntchito komanso ndalama zomwe banja limalandira pamwezi, komanso nthawi kuyambira pomwe COVID-19 idayamba, komanso achibale. ndi abwenzi omwe ali ndi kachilomboka.
The Disease Uncertainty Scale idapangidwa ndi Pulofesa Mishel mu 1981, ndipo idasinthidwanso ndi gulu la Ye Zengjie kuti apange mtundu waku China wa MUIS (Ye et al., 2018).Zimaphatikizapo miyeso itatu ya kusatsimikizika ndi zinthu zonse za 20: kusamveka (zinthu 8).), kusowa kumveka bwino (zinthu 7) komanso kusadziwikiratu (zinthu 5), zomwe zinthu za 4 ndi zinthu zobweza zigoli.Zinthu izi zigoleredwa pogwiritsa ntchito sikelo ya Likert 5-point, pomwe 1=sikuvomereza mwamphamvu, 5=ndikuvomereza mwamphamvu, ndipo chiwongolero chonse ndi 20-100;pamene chigolicho chakwera, m'pamenenso pali kusatsimikizika kwakukulu.Zolembazo zimagawidwa m'magulu atatu: otsika (20-46.6), apakatikati (46.7-73.3) ndi apamwamba (73.3-100).Cronbach's α ya Chinese MUIS ndi 0.825, ndipo Cronbach's α ya gawo lililonse ndi 0.807-0.864.
Ophunzira adadziwitsidwa za cholinga cha phunziroli, ndipo chilolezo chodziwitsidwa chinapezedwa polemba anthu omwe atenga nawo mbali.Kenako adayamba kudzaza mwakufuna kwawo ndikutumiza mafunso pa intaneti.
Gwiritsani ntchito SPSS 16.0 kuti mukhazikitse nkhokwe ndikulowetsamo data kuti muwunike.Deta yowerengera imawonetsedwa ngati peresenti ndikuwunikidwa ndi kuyesa kwa chi-square;data yoyezera yomwe ikugwirizana ndi kugawa kwanthawi zonse imawonetsedwa ngati ± kupatuka kokhazikika, ndipo kuyesa kwa t kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kusanthula zinthu zomwe zimakhudza kusatsimikizika kwa mkhalidwe wa wodwalayo wa COVID-19 pogwiritsa ntchito kubwerera pang'onopang'ono.Pamene p <.05, kusiyana kwake kumakhala kofunikira.
Mafunso onse a 114 adagawidwa mu phunziroli, ndipo chiwerengero cha kuchira chinali 100%.Mwa odwala 114, 51 anali amuna ndipo 63 anali akazi;anali ndi zaka 45.11 ± 11.43.Avereji yamasiku kuyambira pomwe COVID-19 idayamba inali masiku 27.69 ± 10.31.Ambiri mwa odwalawo anali okwatirana, okwana 93 milandu (81.7%).Mwa iwo, okwatirana adapezeka ndi COVID-19 adawerengera 28.1%, ana adawerengera 12.3%, makolo 28.1%, ndipo abwenzi adawerengera 39.5%.75.4% ya odwala COVID-19 ali ndi nkhawa kwambiri kuti matendawa akhudza achibale awo;70,2% ya odwala akuda nkhawa ndi sequelae ya matendawa;54.4% ya odwala ali ndi nkhawa kuti matenda awo adzaipiraipira ndikusokoneza moyo wawo wamba;32.5% ya odwala ali ndi nkhawa kuti matendawa adzawakhudza Ntchito;21.2% ya odwala amadandaula kuti matendawa akhudza chitetezo chachuma cha mabanja awo.
Chiwerengero chonse cha MUIS cha odwala a COVID-19 ndi 52.2 ± 12.5, kuwonetsa kuti kusatsimikizika kwa matendawa kuli pamlingo wocheperako (Table 1).Tinasanja kuchuluka kwa chinthu chilichonse cha kusatsimikizika kwa matenda a wodwala ndipo tidapeza kuti chinthu chomwe chili ndi zigoli zambiri chinali "Sindingathe kuneneratu kuti matenda anga (mankhwala) atenga nthawi yayitali bwanji" (Table 2).
Zambiri za anthu omwe adatenga nawo gawo zidagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati gulu kuyerekeza kusatsimikizika kwa matenda a odwala a COVID-19.Zotsatira zinasonyeza kuti jenda, ndalama zapamwezi za banja komanso nthawi yoyambira (t = -3.130, 2.276, -2.162, p <.05) zinali zofunikira kwambiri (Table 3).
Kutenga chiwerengero chonse cha MUIS monga kusinthika kodalira, ndikugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zitatu zowerengera (jenda, ndalama zapamwezi za banja, nthawi yoyambira) pakuwunika kosagwirizana ndi kusanthula kolumikizana ngati zosintha zodziyimira pawokha, kusanthula kobwerezabwereza kwapang'onopang'ono kunachitika.Zosintha zomwe pamapeto pake zimalowa mu regression equation ndi jenda, ndalama zomwe banja zimapeza pamwezi komanso nthawi yomwe COVID-19 idayamba, zomwe ndi zinthu zitatu zomwe zimakhudza mitundu yodalira (Table 4).
Zotsatira za kafukufukuyu zikuwonetsa kuti kuchuluka kwa MUIS kwa odwala a COVID-19 ndi 52.2 ± 12.5, kuwonetsa kuti kusatsimikizika kwa matendawa kuli pamlingo wocheperako, zomwe zimagwirizana ndi kafukufuku wosatsimikizika wa matenda a matenda osiyanasiyana monga COPD, mtima wobadwa nawo. matenda, ndi matenda a magazi.Pressure dialysis, kutentha kosadziwika kunyumba ndi kunja (Hoth et al., 2015; Li et al., 2018; Lyu et al., 2019; Moreland & Santacroce, 2018; Yang et al., 2015).Kutengera chiphunzitso chosatsimikizika cha matenda a Mishel (Mishel, 2018; Zhang, 2017), kudziwa komanso kusasinthika kwa zochitika za COVID-19 zili pamlingo wochepa, chifukwa ndi matenda atsopano, osadziwika komanso opatsirana kwambiri, omwe mwina Kusatsimikizika komwe kumabweretsa matenda aakulu.Komabe, zotsatira za kafukufukuyu sizinasonyeze zotsatira zomwe zinkayembekezeredwa.Zifukwa zomwe zingatheke ndi izi: (a) Kuchuluka kwa zizindikiro ndiye chinthu chachikulu cha kusatsimikizika kwa matenda (Mishel et al., 2018).Malinga ndi njira zolandirira zipatala zogona, odwala onse ndi odwala ofatsa.Choncho, matenda kusatsimikizika mphambu sanafike mkulu mlingo;(b) Thandizo lachitukuko ndilomwe limayambitsa matenda osatsimikizika.Mothandizidwa ndi kuyankha kwa dziko ku COVID-19, odwala amatha kulandilidwa m'zipatala zogona m'manja pakapita nthawi atazindikiridwa, ndi kulandira chithandizo kuchokera kumagulu azachipatala ochokera m'maboma ndi mizinda yonse mdziko muno.Kuonjezera apo, mtengo wa chithandizo umatengedwa ndi boma, kotero kuti odwala alibe nkhawa, ndipo pamlingo wina, kusatsimikizika kwa mikhalidwe ya odwalawa kumachepetsedwa;(C).Chipatala cha mobile shelter chasonkhanitsa odwala ambiri a COVID-19 omwe ali ndi zizindikiro zochepa.Kusinthana pakati pawo kunalimbitsa chidaliro chawo chogonjetsa matendawa.Mkhalidwe wokangalika umathandizira odwala kupewa mantha, nkhawa, kukhumudwa ndi malingaliro ena oyipa omwe amayamba chifukwa chodzipatula, ndipo pamlingo wina amachepetsa kusatsimikizika kwa wodwala pa matendawa (Parker et al., 2016; Zhang et al., 2018).
Chinthu chomwe chili ndi zigoli zambiri ndi "Sindingathe kulosera kuti matenda anga (mankhwala) atenga nthawi yayitali bwanji", yomwe ndi 3.52±1.09.Kumbali imodzi, chifukwa COVID-19 ndi matenda opatsirana atsopano, odwala sadziwa chilichonse za izi;komano, njira ya matendawa ndi yaitali.Mu kafukufukuyu, milandu 69 inali ndi chiyambi cha masiku oposa 28, zomwe zimawerengera 60.53% mwa chiwerengero cha anthu omwe anafunsidwa.Kutalika kwa nthawi yayitali kwa odwala 114 m'chipatala chosungira mafoni anali (13.07±5.84) masiku.Pakati pawo, anthu 39 adakhala kwa masabata opitilira 2 (kuposa masiku 14), omwe amawerengera 34.21% ya onse.Chifukwa chake, wodwalayo adapereka mphambu yayikulu ku chinthucho.
Chinthu chachiwiri "Sindikudziwa ngati matenda anga ndi abwino kapena oipa" ali ndi chiwerengero cha 3.20 ± 1.21.COVID-19 ndi matenda atsopano, osadziwika, komanso opatsirana kwambiri.Zomwe zimachitika, chitukuko ndi chithandizo cha matendawa chikufufuzidwabe.Wodwalayo samadziwa momwe zingakulire komanso momwe angachitire, zomwe zingapangitse kuti chinthucho chikhale chokwera kwambiri.
Wachitatu "Ndili ndi mafunso ambiri opanda mayankho" adapeza 3.04±1.23.Poyang'anizana ndi matenda osadziwika, ogwira ntchito zachipatala nthawi zonse amafufuza ndikuwongolera kumvetsetsa kwawo kwa matenda ndi matenda ndi ndondomeko za chithandizo.Choncho, mafunso ena okhudzana ndi matenda omwe odwala amafunsidwa mwina sanayankhidwe mokwanira.Popeza chiŵerengero cha ogwira ntchito zachipatala m'zipatala zosungiramo mafoni nthawi zambiri amasungidwa mkati mwa 6: 1 ndipo njira yosinthira inayi ikugwiritsidwa ntchito, wogwira ntchito zachipatala aliyense ayenera kusamalira odwala ambiri.Kuonjezera apo, poyankhulana ndi ogwira ntchito zachipatala atavala zovala zodzitetezera, pakhoza kukhala chidziwitso chochepa cha chidziwitso.Ngakhale kuti wodwalayo wapatsidwa malangizo ndi mafotokozedwe okhudzana ndi chithandizo cha matenda momwe angathere, mafunso ena okhudzana ndi munthu payekha angakhale kuti sanayankhidwe mokwanira.
Kumayambiriro kwa mavuto azaumoyo padziko lonse lapansi, panali kusiyana kwa chidziwitso chokhudza COVID-19 cholandilidwa ndi ogwira ntchito yazaumoyo, ogwira ntchito m'madera, komanso anthu wamba.Ogwira ntchito zachipatala ndi ogwira ntchito m'deralo angapeze chidziwitso chapamwamba komanso chidziwitso chokhudza mliri wa mliri kudzera mu maphunziro osiyanasiyana.Anthu awona zambiri zoyipa zokhudzana ndi COVID-19 kudzera m'ma TV, monga zambiri zokhudzana ndi kuchepetsedwa kwa zida zachipatala, zomwe zawonjezera nkhawa ndi matenda odwala.Izi zikuwonetsa kufunikira kwachangu kowonjezera kufalitsa kwa zidziwitso zodalirika zaumoyo, chifukwa zidziwitso zabodza zitha kulepheretsa mabungwe azaumoyo kuwongolera miliri (Tran et al., 2020).Kukhutitsidwa kwakukulu ndi chidziwitso chaumoyo kumalumikizidwa kwambiri ndi kutsika kwamalingaliro, matenda, komanso nkhawa kapena kukhumudwa kwakukulu (Le, Dang, etc., 2020).
Zotsatira za kafukufuku waposachedwa pa odwala a COVID-19 zikuwonetsa kuti odwala achikazi ali ndi kusatsimikizika kwakukulu kwa matenda kuposa odwala achimuna.Mishel adanenanso kuti monga kusinthika kwakukulu kwa chiphunzitsocho, luso la kuzindikira la munthu limakhudza momwe amaonera zinthu zokhudzana ndi matenda.Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti pali kusiyana kwakukulu mu luso lachidziwitso la amuna ndi akazi (Hyde, 2014).Azimayi amamva bwino komanso amalingalira mwachidwi, pamene amuna amakonda kusanthula kuganiza mozama, zomwe zingathandize odwala amphongo kumvetsetsa zokopa, potero amachepetsa kukayikira kwawo za matendawa.Amuna ndi akazi amasiyananso pamtundu wamalingaliro komanso momwe amamvera.Azimayi amakonda masitayelo olimbana ndi malingaliro komanso kupewa, pomwe abambo amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito njira zothetsera mavuto komanso malingaliro abwino kuti athe kuthana ndi zovuta zomwe zimachitika (Schmitt et al., 2017).Izi zikuwonetsanso kuti ogwira ntchito zachipatala ayenera kutsogolera odwala moyenerera kuti awathandize kuti asalowerere m'ndale pamene akuwunika molondola ndikumvetsetsa kusatsimikizika kwa matendawa.
Odwala omwe ndalama zawo zapakhomo zapamwezi zimaposa kapena zofanana ndi RMB 10,000 amakhala ndi ziwerengero zotsika kwambiri za MUIS.Kupeza uku kumagwirizana ndi maphunziro ena (Li et al., 2019; Ni et al., 2018), omwe adawonetsa kuti ndalama zotsika zapakhomo pamwezi ndizowonetseratu kusatsimikizika kwa matenda a odwala.Chifukwa chomwe chimapangitsa kuti anthu aziganiza motere ndikuti odwala omwe amapeza ndalama zochepa m'mabanja amakhala ndi zinthu zochepa zomwe zimawathandiza komanso njira zochepa zopezera chidziwitso cha matenda.Chifukwa cha ntchito yosakhazikika komanso ndalama zomwe amapeza, nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mtolo wolemera wabanja.Choncho, pamene akukumana ndi matenda osadziwika komanso aakulu, gulu ili la odwala limakhala lokayikira komanso nkhawa, motero limasonyeza kusatsimikizika kwakukulu kwa matenda.
Matendawa akatalika, kumachepetsa kusatsimikizika kwa wodwala (Mishel, 2018).Zotsatira zafukufuku zimatsimikizira izi (Tian et al., 2014), ponena kuti kuwonjezeka kwa matenda osachiritsika, chithandizo, ndi chipatala kumathandiza odwala kuzindikira ndi kudziŵa zochitika zokhudzana ndi Matenda.Komabe, zotsatira za kafukufukuyu zikusonyeza mkangano wosiyana.Makamaka, kusatsimikizika kwa matendawa pamilandu yomwe yadutsa masiku 28 kapena kupitilira apo kuyambira pomwe COVID-19 idayamba kuchuluka, zomwe zikugwirizana ndi Li (Li et al., 2018) pakufufuza kwake kwa odwala omwe ali ndi malungo osadziwika.Zotsatira zake zimagwirizana ndi chifukwa.Kupezeka, chitukuko ndi chithandizo cha matenda aakulu ndizomveka bwino.Monga matenda opatsirana atsopano komanso osayembekezeka, COVID-19 ikufufuzidwabe.Njira yochizira matendawa ndikuyenda m'madzi osadziwika, pomwe zina mwadzidzidzi zidachitika.Zochitika, monga odwala omwe adayambiranso atatulutsidwa m'chipatala panthawi ya matenda.Chifukwa chakukayikitsa kwa matenda, chithandizo komanso kumvetsetsa kwasayansi za matendawa, ngakhale kuyambika kwa COVID-19 kwatalikirapo, odwala omwe ali ndi COVID-19 sakudziwabe za chitukuko ndi chithandizo cha matendawa.Poyang'anizana ndi kusatsimikizika, kuyambika kwa COVID-19 kwanthawi yayitali, wodwalayo amada nkhawa kwambiri ndi chithandizo cha matendawa, kulimba mtima kwa wodwalayo za mawonekedwe a matendawa, komanso kukulitsa kusatsimikizika kwa matendawa. .
Zotsatirazi zikusonyeza kuti odwala omwe ali ndi makhalidwe omwe ali pamwambawa ayenera kukhala okhudzidwa ndi matenda, ndipo cholinga chothandizira matenda ndicho kupeza njira yothandizira kuchepetsa matenda.Zimaphatikizapo maphunziro a zaumoyo, chithandizo chazidziwitso, chithandizo chamankhwala, ndi chidziwitso cha khalidwe labwino (CBT).Kwa odwala a COVID-19, chithandizo chamakhalidwe chimatha kuwathandiza kugwiritsa ntchito njira zopumula kuti athane ndi nkhawa komanso kupewa kupsinjika maganizo posintha ndandanda ya zochita za tsiku ndi tsiku.CBT ikhoza kuchepetsa makhalidwe oipa, monga kupewa, kukangana ndi kudziimba mlandu.Sinthani luso lawo lothana ndi nkhawa (Ho et al., 2020).Njira zothandizira pa Internet Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (I-CBT) zitha kupindulitsa odwala omwe ali ndi kachilombo ndikulandira chithandizo m'mawodi odzipatula, komanso odwala omwe ali kwaokha komanso osapeza akatswiri azamisala (Ho et al., 2020; Soh et al., 2020; Zhang & Ho, 2017).
Odwala ambiri a MUIS a COVID-19 m'zipatala zogona m'manja akuwonetsa kusatsimikizika kwa matenda.Yemwe ali ndi zigoli zapamwamba kwambiri m'miyeso itatu ndi yosayembekezereka.Zinapezeka kuti kusatsimikizika kwa matendawa kudalumikizidwa bwino ndi nthawi kuyambira pomwe COVID-19 idayamba, ndipo imagwirizana moyipa ndi ndalama zomwe wodwalayo amapeza pamwezi.Amuna amapeza mocheperapo kuposa akazi.Akumbutseni ogwira ntchito zachipatala kuti azisamalira kwambiri odwala achikazi, odwala omwe amapeza ndalama zochepa zapamwezi pamwezi komanso kudwala kwa nthawi yayitali, azichitapo kanthu kuti achepetse kukayikira kwa odwala pa matenda awo, kuwongolera odwala kuti alimbitse zikhulupiriro zawo, kulimbana ndi matendawa. maganizo abwino, kugwirizana ndi chithandizo, ndi kusintha kutsata mankhwala Kugonana.
Monga kafukufuku wina aliyense, phunziroli lili ndi malire.Mu kafukufukuyu, kuchuluka kokhako komwe kudagwiritsidwa ntchito pofufuza kusatsimikizika kwa matendawa kwa odwala a COVID-19 omwe amathandizidwa muzipatala zogona.Pali kusiyana kwachikhalidwe pakupewa ndi kuwongolera miliri m'magawo osiyanasiyana (Wang, Chudzicka-Czupała, et al., 2020), zomwe zingakhudze kuyimilira kwa zitsanzo komanso kuchuluka kwazotsatira.Vuto lina ndiloti chifukwa cha chikhalidwe cha maphunziro apakati, phunziroli silinachite maphunziro owonjezera pa kusintha kwamphamvu kwa matenda osatsimikizika komanso zotsatira zake za nthawi yayitali kwa odwala.Kafukufuku adawonetsa kuti panalibe kusintha kwakukulu kwanthawi yayitali pakupsinjika, nkhawa komanso kukhumudwa pakati pa anthu ambiri pambuyo pa milungu inayi (Wang, Chudzicka-Czupała et al., 2020; Wang et al., 2020b).Kupanga kopitilira muyeso kumafunikanso kufufuza magawo osiyanasiyana a matendawa komanso momwe amakhudzira odwala.
Anathandizira kwambiri pamalingaliro ndi mapangidwe, kapena kupeza deta, kapena kusanthula deta ndi kutanthauzira;DL, CL adatenga nawo gawo polemba zolemba pamanja kapena kukonzanso mozama zomwe zili zofunikira pazidziwitso;DL, CL, DS pomaliza idavomereza kuti mtunduwo utulutsidwe.Wolemba aliyense ayenera kutenga nawo mbali mokwanira pantchitoyo ndikukhala ndi udindo wapagulu pa gawo loyenera la zomwe zili;DL, CL, DS amavomereza kuti ali ndi udindo pazochitika zonse za ntchitoyo kuti atsimikizire kuti nkhani zokhudzana ndi kulondola kapena kukwanira kwa gawo lililonse la ntchitoyo zikufufuzidwa bwino ndi Kuthetsa;DS
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Nthawi yotumiza: Jul-16-2021